Thick movie resistor failure isn't brought on by a failure of the resistive ingredient but is mostly resulting from external environmental variables like mechanical and electrical stresses and managing troubles. Failures could be either classed for a degradation of general performance or total failure (usually as an open rather than a brief circuit).
6 widespread results in of thick movie resistor failure are:
Thermal problems
Mechanical tension
Continuous overload
Surge
Environmental - metallic migration
ESD
MECHANICAL FAILURES
Aside from dealing with destruction leading to substrate cracks and chips most mechanical problems is due to possibly vibration or inappropriate mounting in the machine. Micro cracking of your resistor content a result of vibration or compression / extension with the resistor because of inappropriate mounting can result in change from the resistance worth, harm to the resistive ingredient or component failure. In all cases the risk of failure is improved by existence of a number of from the stresses listed below.
ENVIRONMENTAL Things
While a thick movie resistor is frequently coated to guard it from dampness and intense chemical components environmental things for example moisture and contamination however involve very careful thing to consider. The two can cause metal migration in between the terminals of your resistor resulting in likely limited circuit or even a adjust in resistance benefit.
THERMAL Troubles
Most mechanical failure modes of thick movie resistors are propagated by warmth. It's hence critical to know the heat dissipation Homes on the resistor and substrate content. A reduced power resistor dissipates warmth by way of conduction by means of its ingredient leads or connections, even though a large ability resistor dissipates warmth through radiation.
When current passes through a resistor it generates heat and the differential thermal expansions of the different content used in the resistor producing procedure induces stresses inside the resistor. Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR) is the best regarded parameter utilized capacitors to specify a thick film resistor stability, and defines the resistive ingredient's sensitivity to temperature modify. Electric power Coefficient of Resistance (PCR) quantifies the resistance transform resulting from self-heating when energy is utilized and is particularly critical for resistors Employed in ability apps.
OVERLOAD CONDITIONS
A continuous over-load of the resistor device degrades the insulation resistance and improvements the resistor parameters as time passes. Voltage worry can cause conduction from Usually non-conductive components while in the resistor film bringing about deterioration and sometimes failure due to hot places. It can be therefore imperative that you notice the resistor greatest specified voltage.
SURGE Problems
The real key factor in deciding the surge survivability of the thick film resistor would be the mass of a resistor component, which happens to be specifically proportional to its thickness multiplied by its floor spot. The geometry of a resistor also influences its surge withstand ability. A larger area space results in the next film mass, and finally an enhanced surge performance. The enhanced surface area makes it possible for a lot more heat dissipation which is significant in electrical power resistor apps.
The ultimate element contributing aspect to some resistor surge capability is how the component is resistor trimmed to determine the final resistance price. The method useful for trimming can produce weak spots that cause failure under surge situations.
ESD
Problems by using ESD is actually a latent defect that could be difficult to detect. The resistor could possibly be partly degraded by ESD but proceed to carry out its supposed perform. Even so, the chances of untimely or catastrophic failure of your resistor system are elevated, significantly If your system is subjected to a number of in the stresses mentioned higher than.